Normal Distribution - Handwritten Notes
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INTERNAL CHIP ORGANIZATION
A memory chip is an electronic component in which a program, data or both can be stored. The program / data are stored in the memory chip as a series of numbers - zeros and ones (=bits). A bit can be either a zero or a one. Sixteen bits are a "word", eight bits are a "byte" and four bits are a "nibble". ORGANIZATION OF A MEMORY CHIP For the 8 bit memory chips (the most common type) the bits are put together in a byte (= 8 bits) and stored under an "address". The bytes can be accessed at this address and then the eight bits of the accessed address are output on its eight data ports. EPROM memory chips (27 / 27C...) EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. "Erasable" means that the data on it can be removed. "Programmable" means that a program or data can be programmed (burned) into this chip. "Read Only Memory" means that this type of memory can be read out but not programmed in ...
Microprogrammed Control Unit for the Simple Computer
In the case of a hard-wired control unit the control matrix is responsible for sending out the required sequence of signals. Each bit of a microinstruction might correspond to one control signal. If the bit is set it means that the control signal will be active; if cleared the signal will be inactive. Sequences of microinstructions could be stored in an internal "control" memory. Execution of a machine language instruction could then be caused by fetching the proper sequence of microinstructions from the control memory and sending them out to the data path section of the computer. A sequence of microinstructions that implements an instruction on the external computer is known as a micro-routine. The heart of the controller is the control 32 X 24 ROM memory in which upt to 32 24-bit long microinstructions can be stored. Addresses provided to the control ROM come from a micro-counter register The micro-counter, in turn, receiv...
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